Cloud migration is the process of moving data, applications, and IT systems from on-premise environments to internet-based cloud infrastructure.

On-premise refers to an IT setup in which a company hosts its servers, hardware, and software within its own physical facilities.

In 2006, Amazon launched AWS, the first large-scale commercial cloud platform, and its pay-per-use model quickly attracted a wide range of companies.

Parliamentary democracies are democracies where the head of government is determined by majority support in parliament (e.g. in the UK and Malaysia, the Prime Minister is selected through a majority in the directly elected Members of Parliament).

Strong party discipline refers to the requirement to vote along party lines in legislative chambers with failure resulting in expulsion from the party (with rare exceptions allowed if the parties decide to allow it). Weaker party discipline allows party members to vote freely without explicit consequence from their party.

Readiness 2030 is the European Union’s comprehensive plan to strengthen its defense preparedness by the end of the decade and integrate Ukraine into future joint defense initiatives through industrial cooperation.

The plan mobilizes around 800 billion euros in additional defense spending, supporting joint EU investments and reinforcing defense-related supply chains. By extension, it also serves to reduce the region's reliance on the US and UK for defense spending.

A medical model of disability perceives disability biomedically, and focuses on curing or managing disability. It seeks to invest resources in healthcare to cure or manage disabilities medically to allow people with disabilities to better adjust to their circumstances.

A social model of disability perceives disability as caused by the way society is organised, rather than by a person's impairement or difference. It seeks to identify and remove systemic barriers, derogatory attitudes and social exclusion of people with disabilities.